Axiomatic approach

The aim of the axiomatic approach to entanglement measures is to find, classify and study all functions that capture our intuitive notion of what it means to measure entanglement. The approach sets out axioms, i.e. properties, that an entanglement measure should or should not satisfy. This intuitive notion may be based on more practical grounds such as operational definitions. The most striking applications of the axiomatic approach are upper and lower bounds on operational measures such as distillable entanglement, entanglement cost and most recently distillable key.


Properties

The following is a list of properties that have been studied in the context of entanglement measures. E(ρ) denotes an entanglement measure.

Norm: normalised on maximally entangled states

For all \psi=\frac{1}{\sqrt{\dim A}}\sum_i |i\rangle^A|i\rangle^B , E(|\psi\rangle \langle \psi |)=\log \dim A with \{ |i\rangle^A\} an orthonormal basis.

Van Sep: vanishing on separable states

For all separable states ρ, E(ρ) = 0 .

PPT Mon: PPT monotone

For all PPT operations \rho \rightarrow \{p_i, \rho_i\}, E(\rho) \geq \sum_i p_i E(\rho_i) .

SEP Mon: SEP monotone

For all separable operations \rho \rightarrow \{p_i, \rho_i\}, E(\rho) \geq \sum_i p_i E(\rho_i) .

LOCC Mon: LOCC monotone

For all LOCC operations \rho \rightarrow \{p_i, \rho_i\}, E(\rho) \geq \sum_i p_i E(\rho_i) .

Loc Mon: local monotone

For all (strictly) local instruments (i.e. an instrument that acts either on A or B) \rho \rightarrow \{p_i, \rho_i\}, E(\rho) \geq \sum_i p_i E(\rho_i) .

LOq Mon: LOq monotone

For all LOq operations \rho \rightarrow \{p_i, \rho_i\}, E(\rho) \geq \sum_i p_i E(\rho_i) .

As Cont: asymptotic continuity

There are c, c'\geq 0 s.th. for all ρ,σ with \delta(\rho, \sigma) \leq \epsilon, |E(\rho)-E(\sigma)|\leq c \epsilon \log d + c' .

As Cont Pure: asympt. cont. near pure states

There are c, c'\geq 0 s.th. for all \rho, \sigma=|\psi\rangle \langle \psi| with \delta(\rho, \sigma) \leq \epsilon, |E(\rho)-E(\sigma)|\leq c \epsilon \log d + c'.

Conv: convex

For all ρ,σ and p \in [0,1] , pE(\rho)+(1-p)E(\sigma) \geq E(p \rho+(1-p)\sigma) .

Conv Pure: convex on pure states

For all \{p_i, |\psi_i \rangle\} with p_i \geq 0 and \sum_i p_i =1, \sum_i p_i E(\rho_i) \geq E(\rho) .

Strong Super: superadditive

For all \rho^{AA'BB'}, E(\rho^{AA',BB'})\geq E(\rho^{AB})+E(\rho^{A'B'}) .

Add: additive

For all \rho, \sigma , E(\rho \otimes \sigma)= E(\rho)+E(\sigma) .

Ext (Add i.i.d.): extensive

For all ρ and N, NE(\rho)= E(\rho^{\otimes N}).

Sub Add: subadditive

For all \rho, \sigma, E(\rho\otimes \sigma)\leq E(\rho)+E(\sigma) .

Sub Add i.i.d. subadditive i.i.d.

For all ρ and m, n , E(\rho^{\otimes (m+n)})\leq E(\rho^{\otimes m})+E(\rho^{\otimes n}) .

Regu: regularisable

For all ρ, the limit E^\infty(\rho)=\lim_{n \rightarrow \infty} \frac{E(\rho^{\otimes n})}{n} exists.

Non Lock: not lockable

There is c\geq 0 s.th. for all ρAA'B, E(\rho^{AA'B}) \leq E(\rho^{AB})+ c \log rank \rho^{A'} .

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