Trace norm

The trace norm \|\rho \|_1 of a matrix ρ is the sum of the singular values of ρ. The singular values are the roots of the eigenvalues of \rho \rho^\dagger.

\|\rho \|_1 = \text{Tr} \sqrt{\rho \rho^\dagger} .

The trace norm is used e.g. in the definition of the logarithmic negativity, which is a measure of the entanglement possed by a state with density matrix ρ.